当代移民并未对美国劳动力市场产生负面影响，而是有着重要的积极作用的这种认识，可以作为解释当前美国为何坚持继续大量引进移民的原因之一。美国政府制订的任何移民政策，归根结底是为国家利益服务的，当中固然含有部分人道主义的因素，但毕竟不是其唯一考量。从经济视角而言，如果移民的到来极大地恶化了美国经济、对劳动力市场带来严重负面影响的话，那么，美国不会坐视国内甚嚣尘上的反移民情绪于不顾，反而继续奉行接纳众多移民的政策。当然，本文虽然肯定移民对于美国劳动力市场的积极影响，但并不意味着笔者就赞同美国应实施门户洞开的移民政策。因为，抛开文化背景迥异的移民对其他领域的影响不谈，仅从劳动力市场方面看，如果移民的增多而导致劳动力供应量超出美国经济的消化与吸收能力，必然会产生相应的不利后果。至于美国每年应接受多少移民才最符合经济与劳动力市场的需要，无疑是一个需要进一步探究的问题。

Immigration and American Labor Market: 1965-2005

Abstract: The waves of new immigration occurred in Americasince 1960s had brought unprecedented impact on American labor market and caused heated debate among all fields of American society. However, new immigrants’ coming is the outcome of American labor market’s dual demands for high-skilled and low-skilled workers simultaneously in the context of economic restructuring. The influx of new immigrants has expanded American labor resources and maintained the labor market balance of supply and demand. From a macroscopic perspective, new immigrants to theUnited Statesdidn’t bring a negative impact on the labor market necessarily. Immigrants did not make American native workers lost their jobs and they did not lower American native workers’ wage. American native workers’ unemployment and falling wage are mainly caused by the unhealthy condition of American economy itself in different periods.

Keywords:  America  Immigration  Labor market